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When extracellular Zinc(II) binds to this receptor, it triggers an intracellular signalling pathway that ultimately results in increased sperm motility and acrosomal exocytosis [16]

In vitro experiments demonstrated that functionally impaired CP fails to effectively oxidize Fe 2+ , leading to iron ion retention in neuronal cells and promotion of ferroptosis (57)

doi: 10.1002/jcla.23994

Furthermore, pharmacokinetic interactions involving P-gp inhibitors, such as verapamil and ketoconazole, can also lead to elevated brain-to-plasma concentration ratios of co-administered P-gp substrates in both preclinical and clinical settings, raising concerns about potential neurotoxicity and altered efficacy (170)